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Astronomy Sandbox

Compute gravity, escape velocity, and orbital period. Includes references for all planets.

Loaded Planet: Earth

Earth is the only known planet with stable liquid water oceans on the surface.

Surface gravity: 9.820 m/s²

Escape velocity: 11.186 km/s

Orbital period: 23.935 hours

Planet Reference Library

Approximate values for all 8 planets. Use Load Into Simulator to apply mass/radius and set orbital radius to surface + 400km.

Mercury
Mass: 3.301e+23 kgRadius: 2439.7 kmAvg Distance: 0.39 AUYear Length: 88 daysOne Day: 1,407.6 hoursFact: A day-night cycle on Mercury lasts about 176 Earth days due to its spin-orbit resonance.
Venus
Mass: 4.868e+24 kgRadius: 6051.8 kmAvg Distance: 0.72 AUYear Length: 224.7 daysOne Day: 5,832.5 hoursFact: Venus rotates backward compared with most planets, so the Sun rises in the west there.
Earth
Mass: 5.972e+24 kgRadius: 6371.0 kmAvg Distance: 1 AUYear Length: 365.25 daysOne Day: 24 hoursFact: Earth is the only known planet with stable liquid water oceans on the surface.
Mars
Mass: 6.417e+23 kgRadius: 3389.5 kmAvg Distance: 1.52 AUYear Length: 687 daysOne Day: 24.6 hoursFact: Mars hosts Olympus Mons, the tallest known volcano in the solar system.
Jupiter
Mass: 1.898e+27 kgRadius: 69911.0 kmAvg Distance: 5.2 AUYear Length: 4,331 daysOne Day: 9.9 hoursFact: Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is a giant storm that has persisted for centuries.
Saturn
Mass: 5.683e+26 kgRadius: 58232.0 kmAvg Distance: 9.58 AUYear Length: 10,747 daysOne Day: 10.7 hoursFact: Saturn’s rings are mostly water ice and span hundreds of thousands of kilometers.
Uranus
Mass: 8.681e+25 kgRadius: 25362.0 kmAvg Distance: 19.2 AUYear Length: 30,589 daysOne Day: 17.2 hoursFact: Uranus spins on its side, with an axial tilt of about 98 degrees.
Neptune
Mass: 1.024e+26 kgRadius: 24622.0 kmAvg Distance: 30.05 AUYear Length: 59,800 daysOne Day: 16.1 hoursFact: Neptune has the fastest winds measured in the solar system, exceeding 2,000 km/h.